Published Date
01/10/2017
Authors
Gabriel Leonardos
Paulo Bianco
Cecilia Falconi Pérez
José Alejandro Vela Jiménez
Julián Esteban Lozano Gamboa
Valentina Maturana Zippelius
Paulo Parente M. Mendes
Daniela C. Colla
Natalia Tobón Franco
Claudio Castañeda Peñalosa
ASIPI, Comité de Derechos de Autor, 2015 – 2018
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Intellectual Rights 22
PTEIntellectual Property -PI- is a discipline that encompasses multiple spheres of knowledge, and is nourished by all the social, economic and political advances that cover our day-to-day life. Faced with this reality, it is increasingly imperative to study, work and analyze all issues in a multidisciplinary way. The IP professional must advance in staggered steps, in order to keep up with the constant and accelerated innovation that this subject possesses. ASIPI, as the driving force behind the constant study of IP, has advocated from its beginnings for the promotion of critical thinking and analysis. That is why I am proud to present volume 23 of "Intellectual Rights", which is an annual publication that contains various studies on distinctive signs, new creations, copyrights and other cutting-edge topics, prepared by members of ASIPI . - Maria del Pilar Troncoso
[su_accordion]
[su_spoiler title="When art is usable or wearable: works of applied art in the light of the Brazilian framework by
Gabriel Leonardos Paulo Bianco" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
The paper discusses the protection of the so-called works of applied art (also known as utilitarian works of art) through copyrights, under the Brazilian legal framework. After an introduction of the controversies around this issue, the authors discuss the relevant provisions of the Berne Convention, the Brazilian Industrial Property Act (Law #9,279/1996) and the Copyrights Act (Law #9,610/1998). The authors also sum up some relevant decisions on the issue rendered by Brazilian Courts. Afterwards, they present their opinion on the controversy.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Baldor no descansa en paz por
Cecilia Falconi Pérez" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
Grupo Editorial Patria S.A. de C.V. owner of the the copyrights over Algebra Baldor, maintains a constant vigilance in the main countries in which it distributes and commercializes the book. This mechanism helps to identify infringers and act against them. In Ecuador, by administrative procedure named administrative tutelage they presented actions against Correo Editores S.A. as principal infringer, and Imprenta Don Bosco for facilitating its printing services. The unlawful appropriation of intellectual and industrial property rights ended with several administrative sanctions and petitions.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="La retransmisión de señales de televisión abierta: Caracol y RCN vs. Operadores de televisión por suscripción por
José Alejandro, Vela Jiménez y Julián Esteban Lozano Gamboa" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
Colombian private television broadcast stations, RCN and Caracol, currently hold a dispute against subscription television operators. The television stations consider that it is necessary to obtain a previous and express consent to retransmit their signals.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Nueva regulación sobre etiquetado, rotulado, envases y publicidad de los alimentos en Chile por
Valentina Maturana Zippelius" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
In Chile, a new regulation on labeling, packaging and advertising has been issued for food that is high in sodium, sugars or saturated fats, also known as “junk foods”, intended to be consumed by children under 14 years old. This law has generated great controversy for its impact on trademarks, the difficulties to publicize this type of products and the responsibility that for its non-compliance can be predicated of all the actors in the economic chain, from the elaboration of the product until their arrival to the final consumer.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Transmissão de shows ao vivo em tempo real sob a perspectiva brasileira por Paulo Parente M. Mendes e Daniela C. Colla" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
O objetivo dos autores com o presente trabalho é o de apresentar algumas questões atinentes à transmissão de shows ao vivo, em tempo real, sob a perspectiva brasileira, abordando a necessidade de obtenção das autorizações e licenças de direitos dos respectivos titulares para garantir a sua legalidade.
The objective of the authors with the present work is to analyze some issues related to the transmission of live music shows, in real time, from the Brazilian perspective, addressing the need to obtain the authorizations and licenses of the respective rightholders to ensure their legality.
With an illustrative explanation of two current scenarios where real live shows are broadcasted through streaming technology in simulcasting and webcasting modalities, the authors comment the recent decisions of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) of Brazil, which recognized the existence of public execution of musical works in this cases and the possibility of collection by the Central Office of Collection and Distribution (ECAD) of the respective rights. The authors do not intend to exhaust the subject, which is extensive, and even less discuss the modalities available to broadcast any media content through online tools or by social networks because due to the complexity of the matter a specific study would be required.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="La libertad de expresión como límite a la protección de los secretos empresariales por
Natalia Tobón Franco" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
In most countries it is accepted that freedom of expression may limit the scope of protection of trade secrets. In the European Union there are express rules in this regard, in the United States the issue has been dealt with on a case-by-case basis and in Colombia, although no cases have been filed, this rule can be deduced from the importance given by jurisprudence to freedom of expression.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Estudio comparado sobre el papel de las oficinas de derechos de autor en el continente americano y otras cuestiones de interés por
Comité de Derechos de Autor de ASIPI, 2015 – 2018." open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
The document is a compilation, organization and analysis of information related to copyright law and practice in 21 countries of the Americas.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="El análisis fonético de marcas comerciales por
Claudio Castañeda Peñalosa" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
In this paper we will present parameters for the comparative analysis of trademarks in their phonetic dimension. In the first part, as conceptual framework, general notions of phonology and phonetics are introduced, which are later applied in a critical jurisprudential analysis of relevant decisions from Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Peru. To complement the scope of this investigation, in the third part we discuss the need to unify criteria of appreciation of trademarks with foreign phonetics. Thus, this work aims to provide tools for the argumentation and grounding of trademarks phonetic comparison and, along with it, emphasizes the need to adopt a unique model of trademark comparison based on the science of signs: semiotics or semiology. A methodology in this sense would strengthen the reasoning for litigants, administrative and judicial authorities regarding the risk of confusion, avoiding that the comparison of trademarks falls into mere subjectivity.
[/su_spoiler]
[/su_accordion]
[post_title] => Intellectual Rights 22
[post_excerpt] => Intellectual Rights 22 PTEIntellectual Property -PI- is a discipline that encompasses multiple spheres of knowledge, and is nourished by all the social, economic and political advances that cover our day-to-day life. Faced with this reality, it is increasingly imperative to study, work and analyze all issues in a multidisciplinary way. The IP professional must […]
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Derechos Intelectuales 22
La Propiedad Intelectual es una rama del derecho en constante cambio. Como profesionales del área sabemos que el estudio es la única forma de permanecer actualizados y que el análisis es la manera segura de ejercitar el entendimiento crítico. También, nuestra labor trae consigo una innegable vocación de servicio donde compartimos lo aprendido en la búsqueda de conocimiento. Por todo esto, hoy me siento complacida de presentarles el volumen 22 de nuestra publicación Derechos Intelectuales. Como bien sabemos, actualmente debemos abordar la Propiedad Intelectual desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria; la globalización y la tecnología nos impulsan a un ejercicio que toma en consideración distintos puntos del saber, donde las áreas del trabajo se unen y funcionan como una sola. - María del Pilar Troncoso
[su_accordion]
[su_spoiler title="When art is usable or wearable: works of applied art in the light of the Brazilian framework by
Gabriel Leonardos Paulo Bianco" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
The paper discusses the protection of the so-called works of applied art (also known as utilitarian works of art) through copyrights, under the Brazilian legal framework. After an introduction of the controversies around this issue, the authors discuss the relevant provisions of the Berne Convention, the Brazilian Industrial Property Act (Law #9,279/1996) and the Copyrights Act (Law #9,610/1998). The authors also sum up some relevant decisions on the issue rendered by Brazilian Courts. Afterwards, they present their opinion on the controversy.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Baldor no descansa en paz por
Cecilia Falconi Pérez" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
El Grupo Editorial Patria S.A. de C.V., titular de los derechos patrimoniales de autor sobre la obra Álgebra Baldor, mantiene una vigilancia constante en los principales países en donde se distribuye y comercializa el libro. En Ecuador, mediante el trámite denominado acción de tutela administrativa, el Grupo persiguió a Correo Editores S.A. como infractor principal y a la imprenta Don Bosco, por la facilitar los servicios de impresión de dicha. En este artículo se describe todo el proceso desde la petición, la etapa de inspección, la realización de audiencias, hasta la emisión de las resoluciones administrativas.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="La retransmisión de señales de televisión abierta: Caracol y RCN vs. Operadores de televisión por suscripción por
José Alejandro, Vela Jiménez y Julián Esteban Lozano Gamboa" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
Los canales privados de televisión abierta de Colombia, RCN y Caracol, sostienen en la actualidad una controversia jurídica con los operadores de televisión por suscripción2. Los canales sostienen que sus señales sólo pueden ser retransmitidas con su autorización previa y expresa, mientras que los operadores sostienen lo contrario.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Nueva regulación sobre etiquetado, rotulado, envases y publicidad de los alimentos en Chile por
Valentina Maturana Zippelius" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
En Chile se dictó una nueva regulación sobre etiquetado, rotulado, envasado y publicidad sobre alimentos dirigidos a menores de 14 años, que sean altos en sodio, azúcares o grasas saturadas, también conocidos como “alimentos chatarra”. Esta ley ha generado gran polémica por su impacto sobre las marcas registradas, las dificultades para publicitar este tipo de productos y la responsabilidad que por incumplimiento puede predicarse de todos los actores de la cadena: productores, importadores y distribuidores.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Transmissão de shows ao vivo em tempo real sob a perspectiva brasileira por Paulo Parente M. Mendes e Daniela C. Colla" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
O objetivo dos autores com o presente trabalho é o de apresentar algumas questões atinentes à transmissão de shows ao vivo, em tempo real, sob a perspectiva brasileira, abordando a necessidade de obtenção das autorizações e licenças de direitos dos respectivos titulares para garantir a sua legalidade.
Com a exposição exemplificativa de dois cenários atuais onde ocorrem a transmissão de shows ao vivo, em tempo real, através da tecnologia streaming nas modalidades simulcasting e webcasting, comentam as recentes decisões do Superior Tribunal de Justiça do Brasil que reconheceram a existência de execução pública de obras musicais nas mesmas e a possibilidade de cobrança pelo Escritório Central de Arrecadação e Distribuição (ECAD) dos respectivos direitos. Não pretendem esgotar o assunto, que é extenso, muito menos discutir as modalidades de transmissão de conteúdo através de ferramentas online disponibilizadas pelas redes sociais, vez que dada a sua complexidade, demandariam um estudo específico.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="La libertad de expresión como límite a la protección de los secretos empresariales por
Natalia Tobón Franco" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
En la mayoría de los países se acepta que la libertad de expresión puede llegar a limitar el alcance de la protección de los secretos empresariales. En la Unión Europea hay normas expresas al respecto, en Estados Unidos el tema ha sido tratado de manera casuística y en Colombia, aunque no se han presentado casos, esta regla se puede deducir de la importancia que le da la jurisprudencia a la libertad de expresión.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Estudio comparado sobre el papel de las oficinas de derechos de autor en el continente americano y otras cuestiones de interés por
Comité de Derechos de Autor de ASIPI, 2015 – 2018." open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
Recopilación, organización y análisis de información referida a la legislación y práctica del derecho de autor en 21 países de América.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="El análisis fonético de marcas comerciales por
Claudio Castañeda Peñalosa" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
En este trabajo se presentarán los parámetros que existen para el análisis comparativo de marcas en su dimensión fonética. En la primera parte, como marco conceptual, se introducen nociones generales de fonología y fonética, las cuales son posteriormente aplicadas en un análisis jurisprudencial crítico de sentencias relevantes de Argentina, Chile, Colombia y Perú. Para complementar el alcance del presente texto, en la tercera parte se analiza la necesidad de unificar criterios de apreciación de marcas con fonéticas extranjeras. De tal forma, este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar herramientas que doten de contenido a la argumentación y fundamentación del cotejo fonético marcario y junto a ello, enfatizar la necesidad de adoptar un modelo único de comparación de marcas basado en la ciencia de los signos: la semiótica o semiología. Una metodología en este sentido fortalecería el razonamiento de litigantes, autoridades administrativas y judiciales en lo que se refiere al riesgo de confusión, evitando que el cotejo de marcas caiga en la mera subjetividad.
[/su_spoiler]
[/su_accordion][:en]
Intellectual Rights 22
PTEIntellectual Property -PI- is a discipline that encompasses multiple spheres of knowledge, and is nourished by all the social, economic and political advances that cover our day-to-day life. Faced with this reality, it is increasingly imperative to study, work and analyze all issues in a multidisciplinary way. The IP professional must advance in staggered steps, in order to keep up with the constant and accelerated innovation that this subject possesses. ASIPI, as the driving force behind the constant study of IP, has advocated from its beginnings for the promotion of critical thinking and analysis. That is why I am proud to present volume 23 of "Intellectual Rights", which is an annual publication that contains various studies on distinctive signs, new creations, copyrights and other cutting-edge topics, prepared by members of ASIPI . - Maria del Pilar Troncoso
[su_accordion]
[su_spoiler title="When art is usable or wearable: works of applied art in the light of the Brazilian framework by
Gabriel Leonardos Paulo Bianco" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
The paper discusses the protection of the so-called works of applied art (also known as utilitarian works of art) through copyrights, under the Brazilian legal framework. After an introduction of the controversies around this issue, the authors discuss the relevant provisions of the Berne Convention, the Brazilian Industrial Property Act (Law #9,279/1996) and the Copyrights Act (Law #9,610/1998). The authors also sum up some relevant decisions on the issue rendered by Brazilian Courts. Afterwards, they present their opinion on the controversy.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Baldor no descansa en paz por
Cecilia Falconi Pérez" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
Grupo Editorial Patria S.A. de C.V. owner of the the copyrights over Algebra Baldor, maintains a constant vigilance in the main countries in which it distributes and commercializes the book. This mechanism helps to identify infringers and act against them. In Ecuador, by administrative procedure named administrative tutelage they presented actions against Correo Editores S.A. as principal infringer, and Imprenta Don Bosco for facilitating its printing services. The unlawful appropriation of intellectual and industrial property rights ended with several administrative sanctions and petitions.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="La retransmisión de señales de televisión abierta: Caracol y RCN vs. Operadores de televisión por suscripción por
José Alejandro, Vela Jiménez y Julián Esteban Lozano Gamboa" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
Colombian private television broadcast stations, RCN and Caracol, currently hold a dispute against subscription television operators. The television stations consider that it is necessary to obtain a previous and express consent to retransmit their signals.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Nueva regulación sobre etiquetado, rotulado, envases y publicidad de los alimentos en Chile por
Valentina Maturana Zippelius" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
In Chile, a new regulation on labeling, packaging and advertising has been issued for food that is high in sodium, sugars or saturated fats, also known as “junk foods”, intended to be consumed by children under 14 years old. This law has generated great controversy for its impact on trademarks, the difficulties to publicize this type of products and the responsibility that for its non-compliance can be predicated of all the actors in the economic chain, from the elaboration of the product until their arrival to the final consumer.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Transmissão de shows ao vivo em tempo real sob a perspectiva brasileira por Paulo Parente M. Mendes e Daniela C. Colla" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
O objetivo dos autores com o presente trabalho é o de apresentar algumas questões atinentes à transmissão de shows ao vivo, em tempo real, sob a perspectiva brasileira, abordando a necessidade de obtenção das autorizações e licenças de direitos dos respectivos titulares para garantir a sua legalidade.
The objective of the authors with the present work is to analyze some issues related to the transmission of live music shows, in real time, from the Brazilian perspective, addressing the need to obtain the authorizations and licenses of the respective rightholders to ensure their legality.
With an illustrative explanation of two current scenarios where real live shows are broadcasted through streaming technology in simulcasting and webcasting modalities, the authors comment the recent decisions of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) of Brazil, which recognized the existence of public execution of musical works in this cases and the possibility of collection by the Central Office of Collection and Distribution (ECAD) of the respective rights. The authors do not intend to exhaust the subject, which is extensive, and even less discuss the modalities available to broadcast any media content through online tools or by social networks because due to the complexity of the matter a specific study would be required.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="La libertad de expresión como límite a la protección de los secretos empresariales por
Natalia Tobón Franco" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
In most countries it is accepted that freedom of expression may limit the scope of protection of trade secrets. In the European Union there are express rules in this regard, in the United States the issue has been dealt with on a case-by-case basis and in Colombia, although no cases have been filed, this rule can be deduced from the importance given by jurisprudence to freedom of expression.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="Estudio comparado sobre el papel de las oficinas de derechos de autor en el continente americano y otras cuestiones de interés por
Comité de Derechos de Autor de ASIPI, 2015 – 2018." open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
The document is a compilation, organization and analysis of information related to copyright law and practice in 21 countries of the Americas.
[/su_spoiler]
[su_spoiler title="El análisis fonético de marcas comerciales por
Claudio Castañeda Peñalosa" open="no" style="default" icon="plus" anchor="" anchor_in_url="no" class=""]
In this paper we will present parameters for the comparative analysis of trademarks in their phonetic dimension. In the first part, as conceptual framework, general notions of phonology and phonetics are introduced, which are later applied in a critical jurisprudential analysis of relevant decisions from Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Peru. To complement the scope of this investigation, in the third part we discuss the need to unify criteria of appreciation of trademarks with foreign phonetics. Thus, this work aims to provide tools for the argumentation and grounding of trademarks phonetic comparison and, along with it, emphasizes the need to adopt a unique model of trademark comparison based on the science of signs: semiotics or semiology. A methodology in this sense would strengthen the reasoning for litigants, administrative and judicial authorities regarding the risk of confusion, avoiding that the comparison of trademarks falls into mere subjectivity.
[/su_spoiler]
[/su_accordion][:]
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Intellectual Rights 22
PTEIntellectual Property -PI- is a discipline that encompasses multiple spheres of knowledge, and is nourished by all the social, economic and political advances that cover our day-to-day life. Faced with this reality, it is increasingly imperative to study, work and analyze all issues in a multidisciplinary way. The IP professional must advance in staggered steps, in order to keep up with the constant and accelerated innovation that this subject possesses. ASIPI, as the driving force behind the constant study of IP, has advocated from its beginnings for the promotion of critical thinking and analysis. That is why I am proud to present volume 23 of "Intellectual Rights", which is an annual publication that contains various studies on distinctive signs, new creations, copyrights and other cutting-edge topics, prepared by members of ASIPI . - Maria del Pilar Troncoso
When art is usable or wearable: works of applied art in the light of the Brazilian framework by Gabriel Leonardos Paulo Bianco
The paper discusses the protection of the so-called works of applied art (also known as utilitarian works of art) through copyrights, under the Brazilian legal framework. After an introduction of the controversies around this issue, the authors discuss the relevant provisions of the Berne Convention, the Brazilian Industrial Property Act (Law #9,279/1996) and the Copyrights Act (Law #9,610/1998). The authors also sum up some relevant decisions on the issue rendered by Brazilian Courts. Afterwards, they present their opinion on the controversy.
Baldor no descansa en paz por Cecilia Falconi Pérez
Grupo Editorial Patria S.A. de C.V. owner of the the copyrights over Algebra Baldor, maintains a constant vigilance in the main countries in which it distributes and commercializes the book. This mechanism helps to identify infringers and act against them. In Ecuador, by administrative procedure named administrative tutelage they presented actions against Correo Editores S.A. as principal infringer, and Imprenta Don Bosco for facilitating its printing services. The unlawful appropriation of intellectual and industrial property rights ended with several administrative sanctions and petitions.
La retransmisión de señales de televisión abierta: Caracol y RCN vs. Operadores de televisión por suscripción por José Alejandro, Vela Jiménez y Julián Esteban Lozano Gamboa
Colombian private television broadcast stations, RCN and Caracol, currently hold a dispute against subscription television operators. The television stations consider that it is necessary to obtain a previous and express consent to retransmit their signals.
Nueva regulación sobre etiquetado, rotulado, envases y publicidad de los alimentos en Chile por Valentina Maturana Zippelius
In Chile, a new regulation on labeling, packaging and advertising has been issued for food that is high in sodium, sugars or saturated fats, also known as “junk foods”, intended to be consumed by children under 14 years old. This law has generated great controversy for its impact on trademarks, the difficulties to publicize this type of products and the responsibility that for its non-compliance can be predicated of all the actors in the economic chain, from the elaboration of the product until their arrival to the final consumer.
Transmissão de shows ao vivo em tempo real sob a perspectiva brasileira por Paulo Parente M. Mendes e Daniela C. Colla
O objetivo dos autores com o presente trabalho é o de apresentar algumas questões atinentes à transmissão de shows ao vivo, em tempo real, sob a perspectiva brasileira, abordando a necessidade de obtenção das autorizações e licenças de direitos dos respectivos titulares para garantir a sua legalidade.
The objective of the authors with the present work is to analyze some issues related to the transmission of live music shows, in real time, from the Brazilian perspective, addressing the need to obtain the authorizations and licenses of the respective rightholders to ensure their legality.
With an illustrative explanation of two current scenarios where real live shows are broadcasted through streaming technology in simulcasting and webcasting modalities, the authors comment the recent decisions of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) of Brazil, which recognized the existence of public execution of musical works in this cases and the possibility of collection by the Central Office of Collection and Distribution (ECAD) of the respective rights. The authors do not intend to exhaust the subject, which is extensive, and even less discuss the modalities available to broadcast any media content through online tools or by social networks because due to the complexity of the matter a specific study would be required.
La libertad de expresión como límite a la protección de los secretos empresariales por Natalia Tobón Franco
In most countries it is accepted that freedom of expression may limit the scope of protection of trade secrets. In the European Union there are express rules in this regard, in the United States the issue has been dealt with on a case-by-case basis and in Colombia, although no cases have been filed, this rule can be deduced from the importance given by jurisprudence to freedom of expression.
Estudio comparado sobre el papel de las oficinas de derechos de autor en el continente americano y otras cuestiones de interés por Comité de Derechos de Autor de ASIPI, 2015 – 2018.
The document is a compilation, organization and analysis of information related to copyright law and practice in 21 countries of the Americas.
El análisis fonético de marcas comerciales por Claudio Castañeda Peñalosa
In this paper we will present parameters for the comparative analysis of trademarks in their phonetic dimension. In the first part, as conceptual framework, general notions of phonology and phonetics are introduced, which are later applied in a critical jurisprudential analysis of relevant decisions from Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Peru. To complement the scope of this investigation, in the third part we discuss the need to unify criteria of appreciation of trademarks with foreign phonetics. Thus, this work aims to provide tools for the argumentation and grounding of trademarks phonetic comparison and, along with it, emphasizes the need to adopt a unique model of trademark comparison based on the science of signs: semiotics or semiology. A methodology in this sense would strengthen the reasoning for litigants, administrative and judicial authorities regarding the risk of confusion, avoiding that the comparison of trademarks falls into mere subjectivity.
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Intellectual Rights 22
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Derechos-Intelectuales-22.pdf